Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Neamah M. Hadi ¹
• Mohammad H. Hafiz ²
• F. F. Sayyid ¹
• Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak ³

¹ Production Engineering and Metallurgy Engineering Dept., University of Technology-Iraq, Alsina’a street, 10066 Baghdad, Iraq.

² Basrah University for Oil and Gas, Basrah, Iraq.

³ Department of Chemical and Process Engineering/ Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment/ Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia/ 43000 UKM Bangi/ Selangor/ Malaysia.

Abstract

This study aims to explain the effect of adding the bioactive substance (alpha enzyme) to the electrolyte solution using electrochemical deposition. Through which copper nanoparticles are manufactured, the originality of the research lies in the presence of this addition as a new method in manufacturing nanoparticles in an electrochemical manner, as the alpha-amylase enzyme is extracted from camel saliva, and the product has been diagnosed using (EDX) and scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) techniques. , Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) technology, and Zeta potential. The proposed method is an easy, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly method where the alpha enzyme was used as a feedstock at concentrations of (0.25, 0.50, 0.57, and 1) g added to a solution containing the ideal sample obtained through the electrochemical precipitation process before adding the enzyme, as the solution before The addition process contains concentrated sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) at concentrations of (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60) g/ml. The regular shape and stable distribution can be observed after the addition compared to the shape of the particles before the addition in terms of shape and size. The process was carried out under constant conditions, including the current. Direct, voltage and temperature, and after the addition process, sulfuric acid was dispensed with, while the process conditions with the addition were at a temperature of 37 degrees Celsius and an incubation period that lasted a full hour before the electrodeposition process was carried out in accordance with the enzyme activity conditions, where a nanosized copper powder of a granular size was obtained. Approximately 44 nanometers. It is worth noting that the nanoparticle size was modulated using the experimental conditions, e.g., pH, reducing step, enzyme amount, or incubation time. This controlled synthesis allows the preparation of CuNP bionanoparticles at Cu 3.13 powder at a concentration of 80 g CuSO₄ + 0.50 α-amylase.

Graphical Abstract

Highlights

• Copper nanoparticles were produced using an electrochemical method with alpha-amylase from camel saliva.
• The size and shape of CuNPs were improved after adding alpha-amylase, resulting in stable 44nm particles.
• The used process is eco-friendly, rapid, and non-toxic, utilizing CuSO₄ and varying enzyme concentrations.
• Enhanced CuNPs dispersion and stability were achieved through coordination bonds with the enzyme.

Keywords

• Alpha amylase enzyme
• Copper powder
• Electrodeposition process
• Current density
• Current efficiency

Main Subjects

• Production & Metallurgy