The Effect of Magnetic Water on Dissolving Kidney Stones

Present study considers physical characterization of magnetized water in dissolving Calcium Oxalate which is the constituent of the predominate kidney stones. The physical parameters like Total Dissolved Salts ( TDS),pH value, electrical conductivity and surface tension have been evaluated in magnetized Calcium oxalate solution. This analysis shows that the Surface tension decreases with increasing magnetic field intensity and exposing time, while the other three parameters increase.


Introduction
Kidney stone disease or "Nephrolithiasis "is a common disorder, found most often in middle-aged men (1,2).It occurs when certain chemicals in the urine form crystals that stick together (3,4).Most stones start forming in the kidney, and some may travel to other parts of the urinary tract, including the ureter or bladder.As stones are formed, they may vary in size, with the larger stones potentially blocking the flow of urine or irritating the lining of the urinary tract.The main stones types are Calcium stones (78%), infection related stones (15%),Uric acid stones(5%) and Cystine stones(1%) (5).
For patients that have passed their first kidney stone, it is difficult to predict the likelihood of recurrence.Seventy percent of patients who pass one stone will have another within 10 years(6).If the stones are too large to expel, then the most common used technique is extracorporeal shock wave Lithotripsy (ESWL).This procedure uses shock waves to travel through the tissue and crush the stones.Doctors urge their patients to drink more water ( at least 2 liters per day).waterhelps to dilute the urine and prevent the formation of stones (7).It also helps flush out the smaller.Tap water having limited degree of dissociation for The aim of the present study is to determine the effectiveness of magnetic water in dissolving Calcium Oxalats.The study spanned a range of magnetic field intensities and exposing times.

2-Expermental
The experimental setup used in this work consists of dc-power supplied magnets system fabricated by Cenco company it consist of two coils with two poles of 11 cm in diameter and variable gap.The magnetic field intensities range used is (0.3-1.1 T) measured at the middle between the poles by Tesla meter type Radial from (F.W.Bell company) (10).
The solutions used are tap water and calcium oxalate solution.The salt solution was prepared by dissolving (20 mgm) of CaC 2 0 4 in 200ml of distilled water.The test was carried on (15 ml) of the solution poured in a tube.In all measurements the pH values was measured 1 min.after the DC power supply was turned off using pH meter ( PHM84 radiometer Copenhagen) and immediately the electrical conductivity was measured using portable EC meter ( H198303),while total dissolved salts was measured with portable TDS meter (H198301).Surface tension was calculated using capillary tube method ,the surface tension (γ ) is given by ( 11) where d is tube diameter,h is the height of solution and ρ solution density is the gravity.

Tap water
Figure (1a,b) shows the results of tap water TDS when exposed to the variable magnetic filed at constant exposing time (10 min.),and variable time at (0.3 T ).ratios of dissolving salts per Both curves consist of two parts with different unit of magnetic field.The first part in figure (1a) ( B< 0.2 T) shows a high ratio ( 57 ppm/ T ) ,and here the salts with high degree of dissociation have the great influence.In the second part the salts which needed greater energy for dissociation affect the behavior with ratio (21.7 ppm/ T).
In Figure (1b) the first region where the exposing time is less than 10min.thedissolving rate is (1.6 ppm/min.).This result confirms the idea of the influence of the degree of dissociation.The main feature in both curves is the increase in the TDS value with both parameters.Figure (3a,b) shows a plot of electrical conductivity versus magnetic field intensity and exposing time.In Figure (3a) showing range of magnetic fields (0.05< B<0.3 T) the electrical conductivity increases with ratio of (67 µs/ cmT ), and for higher fields the increase is a little greater (71 µs/ cmT ), besides the degree of dissociation which affects the concentration of ions, the mobility of the ions plays a great role in increasing the conductivity.In Figure (3b) it is very clear that for exposing time less than 10 minutes the increasing rate is much faster(1.5µs/cm min) than for longer exposing time (0.6 µs/cm min) and this may be attributed to the greater mobility of low dissociation ions salts.

Figure (3a,b) Electrical conductivity vs. magnetic field intensity and exposing time.
Figure (4a,b) shows the variation in surface tension as a function of both magnetic field intensity and exposing time.The general trend in both curves is the decrease in surface tension with both parameters.More probably this is due to the variation in the attractive force between water molecules caused by the applied magnetic field.

Calcium Oxalate solution
As mentioned previously, calcium oxalate is the major constituent of kidney stones.Magnetic water has a great influence on dissolving calcium oxalate .Figure (5a,b) shows the TDS as a function of magnetic field intensity and exposing time.For all (B ≤ 0.8 T) no change in the TDS could be noticed, while for higher field intensity the increase is very sharp( exponential ) .This could be due to the high degree of dissociation of calcium oxalate.Figure (5b) shows the TDS increasing with exposing time at fixed field intensity (B=0.9).Here also for time less than 15 minutes no change in TDS takes place ,a linear increase starts for longer times at a rate of (2 ppm/min.).From the two curves it is clear that the field intensity having the greater influence i.e. by increasing the field intensity we can reduce the exposing time.Also in both curves no saturation takes place as in the case of tape water.

Figure (
Figure (1a,b)The total dissolved salts with (a) magnetic filed and (b) exposing time Figure(2a,b) shows the variation in pH values with field intensity and exposing time, and this is more probably due to the decrease in Hydrogen ion concentration.
Figure(2a,b) the pH values versus felid intensity and exposing time.

FigureFigureFigure ( 7 )Figure ( 7 )
Figure (5a,b)The TDS as a function of magnetic field intensity and exposing time Figure (6a, b) shows the electrical conductivity versus the field intensity and exposing time.From Figure.(6a) for (B≤0.3T) the electrical conductivity is constant, and for higher field intensity (B≥ 0.8 T) the electrical conductivity shows increasing trend which could be explained by б α exp (B)