Engineering and Technology Journal

Gypseous soil characteristics were studied types many researchers, but
the bearing capacity of sandy gypseous soil with different preparing of the soil
models were tested in dry condition under static and cyclic loads in this study, three
types of gypseous soils are prepared (artificial, gypsified and natural gypseous
soils). The laboratory tests were needed to evaluate geotechnical soil properties.
The main objective of this study is testing of the soil models in dry condition for
measuring earth pressures with displacements of the soil models under monotonic
and repeated loads within relatively large manufactured physical model. The
results found that the natural and gypsified soils have displacements of about (1 to
2 cm) and the pressures of earth reaches to about (500 – 550 kPa) and the artificial
gypsified soil reaches to (600 - 650 kPa) and the displacement of about (1 cm). SO3
content tested for the soil samples reaches to about (11.7 %) for gypsified and
natural soils while reaches about (24.5 %) for artificial gypseous soil.

The gypseous soil known as a problematic soil with a collapsibility
behaviour, three types of gypseous soils are prepared (artificial, gypsified and
natural gypseous soil), special manufactured leaching system used for testing the
soil models, the main objectives of this study are testing the soil models in dry and
leaching conditions for measuring earth and pore water pressures with
displacements and gypsum dissolved of the soil models under monotonic and
repeated loads within relatively large physical model. The results at leaching
process for three days revealed that the natural and gypsified soils have earth
pressures reach about (150 kPa) and (4 to 4.5 cm) for displacements, while pore
water pressure increased until reaches about (120 kPa), but for artificial gypseous
soil, earth pressures reaches about (300 kPa) and (1 cm) for displacements. TDS
and SO3 content measured and reaches to about (1900 ppm) for gypsified and
natural soils while reaches about (350 ppm) for artificial gypseous soil. STATISICA
program used to verify the results with a very good agreement reaches to 95% of
the statistical models.

In this paper, the detecting and isolating fault that occurs in (actuator
and sensor) in robot manipulator, which is used as a mathematical model were proposed for fault detection, where the neural network was used to detect the fault. The neural network was trained on the data set obtained from the Input/output on the (DC motor).The output of the sensor or actuator was compared with the output of the model (neural network) after that the residual signal is used to detect the fault. The fuzzy logic circuit was used for fault isolation that is depending on the residual signal from any sensor or actuator that faults. There are three types of faults detected and isolated in this study abrupt fault, incipient fault and intermittent fault. The Matlab R2012a was used to the model steady state designed and simulated .The model has a high capacity for detecting faults.

In this paper, an astral die was designed and constructed to produce an
astral cup in the deep drawing operation by experimental work and numerical
simulation. The influence of radial clearance on drawing load, cup high, the
distribution of stress, strain and thickness along the side wall, minor and major
axis were also studied. The deep drawing process was carried out to produce an
astral cup with an inner dimension of (41.5mm × 34.69mm), and (30mm) height
drawn from a blank sheet with a thickness of (0.7) and diameter (80) made of low
carbon steel. A commercial program (ANSYS18.0) was used to perform the
numerical simulation. Three types of radial clearance equal to (1.1 , 1.2 , and
1.3 ) are used to investigate the influence of radial clearance. It was found that
the maximum value of the drawing load 55KN) recorded with radial clearance
equal (1.1 ). The process of a squeeze in the wall that occurred with the radial
clearance (1.1 ) due to the difficulty of the flow of the metal to be exposed to
maximum tensile stress. The maximum effective stress (674MPa) and strain
(0.973) were recorded with the clearance of (1.1 ) at the minor axis.

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is nontraditional machining
which is used to remove metal by anodic dissolution. In this study the
metal workpiece (WP) was stainless steel (AISI 316) and potassium
chloride (KCl) and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) solutions were used as
electrolyte, and the tool was used from copper. In this work the
experimental parameters that used were concentration of solution,
current and voltage as input. While surface roughness (Ra) and material
removal rate (MRR) were the output. The experiments on electrochemical
machining with using concentration (10, 20 and 30) g/l, current (2, 5 and
10) A and voltage (6, 12 and 20)V. Gap size between tool and WP (0.5)
mm. The results showed that (K2SO4) solution gave surface roughness
and material removal rate less than (KCl) solution in all levels, maximum
(Ra) is (0.471) and minimum (0.049), while (KCl) solution gave
maximum (Ra) was (4.497) and minimum was (0.837). Generally
increasing in machining parameter (concentration of solution, current
and voltage) lead to increase in (Ra) and (MRR). This study aims to
compare the effect of using different electrolyte solution including
potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulphate (K2SO4) on the surface
roughness (Ra) and material removal rate (MRR).

In this study, the effect of vacuum with micro-channel technique
on solar air collector performance is investigated experimentally. Vacuum
space reduces the loss of heat for the absorption plate by conduction and
thus improves the solar collector performance. It has been demonstrated
that the solar collector is evacuated to 0.1 bar of pressure for absorber-tocover spacing of 4cm. An absorber plate was manufactured from Aluminum
metal with 30 rectangular micro-channels (length 0.9, width 0.004, height
0.0008 m) is constructed with measurements facilities of velocity,
temperature and differential pressure. The tests are carried out indoor using
solar simulator. Results showed that the performance of solar collector
increases with vacuum about 2-5% than gained with non-vacuum utilizing a
micro-channel absorber plate-black surface.