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Policies

Policies

Peer Review Process

Engineering and Technology Journal (ETJ) uses a double-blind peer-review system to assure the quality of the publication. All manuscripts should be submitted through our online manuscript management system. The author should first register in our system and then submit their manuscript. ETJ depends mostly on international and national reviewers. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The peer-review process mainly follows three steps, starting as the manuscript is submitted by the author to ETJ:

Step 1

As soon as the journal editorial office receives the manuscript, it will be checked and assessed by the journal editorial office and the editor. The initial desk assessment includes:

• Checking text similarity using Turnitin. Similarity reports are reviewed by the editorial office, and the similarity percentage alone is not used to determine plagiarism. A 20% similarity index is used as a screening threshold to flag submissions for closer assessment, considering the nature and source of overlap.
• Determining if the manuscript covers a suitable topic and fits the aims and scope of the journal.
• Ensuring the manuscript meets the basic requirements of the journal's guidelines and instructions for authors, such as word count, clarity of the English language, and format.
• Assessing if the submission makes a significant contribution to the existing literature.
• Checking for an abstract with suitable word count, affiliation details of the author, figures, tables, and their citation in the text.
• Verifying author's contributions, declaration of competing interest, funding, and data availability statement.
• Assessing commitment to high-quality research and ethical standards.
• Ensuring standards of reliability to qualify for further review.

If the submitted manuscript does not pass the initial checklist, the editor might reject the manuscript. If the manuscript does pass the initial checklist, it will transfer to the second step (i.e., peer review).

Step 2

The editor will select and contact at least two reviewers who are experts in the field of the manuscript and ask them to review the manuscript. The reviewers will be asked to advise the editor whether the manuscript is suitable for publication in ETJ according to the following observations:

• The manuscript fits the scope of ETJ.
• The novelty or originality of the study.
• The suitable description of the study design and methodology.
• Experimental and theoretical sections, results, and discussion are appropriately and clearly presented.
• The conclusions of the manuscript are trustworthy, significant, and supported by the research work.

Once the editor has received the reviewers' reports, the decision will be shared with the author along with any additional guidance. The final decision could be:

• Accept
• Minor revision
• Major revision
• Reject
• Others

The author(s) will often need to revise their manuscript and resubmit the revised version with a response to the reviewers’ comments, or the manuscript may be rejected.

Step 3

If the editor and reviewers have recommended a minor or major revision, the author can amend the manuscript based on the reviewers' comments. The author should then resubmit the revised manuscript with the response to reviewers’ comments as a separate file. Upon resubmission, the editor will review the revised version and send it for a second round of peer review, asking the reviewers to check the adequacy of the response.

Finally, if the revisions have brought the manuscript up to the requirement of ETJ, it will be transferred to production.

Supplementary Materials

Authors may submit supplementary files, including datasets, code, multimedia, extended methods, or appendices, alongside the manuscript. Supplementary files will be made available to the assigned reviewers. Reviewers may evaluate them at their discretion and may be asked to assess them where they are central to the study’s methods, results, reproducibility, or conclusions. Unless the editor states otherwise, supplementary files are not subject to the same level of detailed peer review as the main manuscript.

Information essential to understanding, evaluating, or reproducing the study should be included in the main manuscript or in a stable repository and should not be placed only in supplementary material. Authors remain responsible for the accuracy, completeness, permissions, and integrity of all supplementary content. The editor may require supplementary files to be corrected, removed, moved to the main manuscript, or deposited in an appropriate repository before publication.

Submissions by Editors and Editorial Board Members

The Editor-in-Chief, editors, and Editorial Board members may submit manuscripts to Engineering and Technology Journal. These submissions are subject to the same editorial criteria and peer-review standards as all other manuscripts. An editor or board member who is an author or co-author must have no access to or involvement in the manuscript’s assessment, reviewer selection, reviewer reports, editorial discussion, or decision.

The manuscript will be assigned to an independent editor who has no conflict of interest and who will manage the complete review and decision process. A manuscript authored or co-authored by the Editor-in-Chief will be handled by an independent senior Editorial Board member or an external guest editor with appropriate expertise. The published article will include a disclosure stating the author’s editorial role and confirming that the author had no involvement in peer review or the decision.

Authorship Guidelines

Engineering and Technology Journal follows the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) guidelines. To qualify for authorship, authors must satisfy the following:

• Substantial contributions to conception or design of the work; or acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data.
• Drafting the work or revising it critically for intellectual content.
• Final approval of the version to be published.
• Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work and accuracy of any part of the work.

Contributors not qualifying for authorship should be listed in the acknowledgments. Changes to the author list during or after publication require approval by all authors, including those removed. ETJ reserves the right to request evidence of authorship. Changes to authorship after acceptance are at the discretion of ETJ.

Criteria for Authorship

• Substantial intellectual contributions required for authorship (e.g., research question, design, analysis, interpretation).
• Technical services, translation, patient identification, material supply, funding or administrative oversight alone are not sufficient for authorship but may be acknowledged.
• One author (“guarantor”) should take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole.
• All authors should approve the final manuscript version and ideally be familiar with all aspects of the work.
• Team contributions may be limited to specific aspects for some authors.

Number of Authors

Editors should not arbitrarily limit the number of authors. For multi-center trials, a subset may be listed as preparing the manuscript on behalf of contributors. Corporate or group authorship is allowed if one investigator takes responsibility. All listed must meet criteria for authorship. If the number of authors is unusually large, editors may require a detailed description of contributions. Names of those not meeting the criteria may be removed.

Order of Authorship

Authors themselves decide the order of listing based on respective contributions and agreements. The meaning of the order should be described by the authors if relevant.

Authorship Disputes

Disputes are best settled locally before journal review. Editors may become involved at their discretion. Changes in authorship at any stage of review or acceptance should be accompanied by a written request and explanation from all original authors.

User License Agreement

ETJ provides access to archived material through ETJ archives. All open access articles are free to read and download. Permitted reuse is defined by the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Deceased Authors

If a manuscript includes a deceased author or one passes during review, inform the editorial office. If the corresponding author is deceased, the group should nominate a replacement. The contribution and conflicts of the deceased author must be confirmed. Upon publication, a note will be added under the author list.

Conflict of Interest

Authors must clearly state conflicts of interest and upload the conflict of interest form during submission. A clear statement should be included in the manuscript.

Responsibilities on Conflicts of Interest

Public trust and published article credibility depend on handling conflicts of interest transparently. Financial relationships (employment, consultancies, stock, honoraria, patents, expert testimony) are most identifiable and may undermine credibility. Other conflicts may arise from personal relationships, competition, or beliefs. All participants in publication—authors, reviewers, editors, editorial board—must consider and disclose any potential conflicts.

Authors

Authors must disclose all financial and personal relationships that could bias their work.

Reviewers

Reviewers are asked about conflicts when assigned a manuscript. They must disclose any conflicts to editors, recuse themselves if bias may exist, and must not use knowledge of the manuscript to further their interests.

Editors

Editors who make final decisions on manuscripts should recuse themselves from decisions if conflicts or potential conflicts exist. Other editorial staff must provide a description of their financial interests or conflicts and recuse themselves as appropriate.

Reporting Conflicts of Interest

• Articles should publish statements or supporting documents declaring:
  • Authors’ conflicts of interest
  • Sources of support for the work, including sponsor names and the role of sponsors in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing, and decision to publish (or a statement that the source had no involvement)
  • Access to study data, with explanation of nature and extent of access
• Editors may require authors of funded studies to sign a statement confirming full data access and responsibility for integrity and accuracy.

Appeals and Complaints

Appeals Against Editorial Decisions

Authors may appeal an editorial decision when they believe that a material error occurred in the review or decision-making process, or when relevant evidence or information was not available or was not properly considered. An appeal must provide a clear, reasoned response to the editor’s and reviewers’ comments and must be supported by relevant evidence. Mere disagreement with an editorial judgment, the journal’s priority assessment, or the outcome of peer review is not sufficient grounds for appeal.

Appeals should be submitted in writing to etj@uotechnology.edu.iq within 30 calendar days of the decision. The appeal must identify the manuscript, state the decision being appealed, explain the specific grounds, and include any supporting information. One appeal will normally be considered for each manuscript.

The journal will acknowledge receipt and arrange an impartial review. Wherever practicable, an editor who was not directly involved in the original decision will assess the appeal. The reviewing editor may consult an additional independent expert when necessary. The outcome will be communicated to the author after the review has been completed. The decision reached following the appeal is final.

Complaints

Complaints may concern the journal’s policies, editorial conduct, peer review, authorship, conflicts of interest, published content, or the conduct of an editor, reviewer, author, editorial board member, or member of journal staff. Complaints should be submitted in writing to etj@uotechnology.edu.iq and should clearly describe the matter raised, identify any relevant manuscript or article, and include supporting information and any actual, potential, or perceived conflict of interest.

The journal will investigate complaints fairly, impartially, promptly, and with appropriate confidentiality. Relevant information may be requested from the parties involved. Where a complaint concerns the Editor-in-Chief, it will be assigned to an independent senior member of the Editorial Board who has no involvement in the matter. Where necessary, the journal may consult the University of Technology-Iraq, independent subject or ethics experts, or legal counsel.

Complaints and resulting actions will be handled in accordance with applicable Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidance. Outcomes may include no further action, clarification, correction, an expression of concern, retraction, changes to editorial or reviewer assignments, or another appropriate remedy. The complainant will be informed when the review is complete, subject to confidentiality, privacy, and legal limitations.

How to Raise Concerns

When raising concerns to the Editorial Office, please contact us at etj@uotechnology.edu.iq. Details about the paper should be included in the complaint email. Also, include details of the complaint, its scholarly, scientific or academic validity, a summary of the main points and any other issues, details of any correspondence already had with the authors, and a statement clarifying any actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest.

Allegations of Research Misconduct

ETJ is very sensitive to research misconduct and uses all means available to prevent publishing research misconduct. The Council of Editors defines research misconduct broadly in three categories of action and conducts. ETJ uses this definition of misconduct in dealing with the issue and strictly follows the COPE flowcharts in dealing with research misconduct.

In addition, for each component of the research misconduct, ETJ has many assurance policies as follows:

• Mistreatment of research subjects
• Falsification and Fabrication of data
• Piracy and Plagiarism

Citation Manipulation

Engineering and Technology Journal prohibits any attempt to manipulate citations or citation-based indicators. Prohibited practices include coercive citation requests; requiring authors to cite the journal, an editor, or a reviewer when the references are not relevant; excessive or inappropriate self-citation; reciprocal citation agreements; citation-exchange schemes or citation cartels; fabricated references; and adding citations solely to increase the citation counts of particular authors, articles, journals, institutions, or groups.

Editors and reviewers may recommend additional references only when they are directly relevant and materially improve the manuscript. Authors are not required to add citations that they consider irrelevant and may explain their reasons in the response to reviewers. Editorial decisions must not be based on an author’s willingness to add inappropriate citations.

Suspected citation manipulation will be investigated in accordance with relevant COPE guidance. Depending on the stage and severity, action may include removal of inappropriate citation requests, reassignment of an editor or reviewer, rejection of a manuscript, correction or retraction of a published article, removal from an editorial or reviewer role, and notification of an institution or other relevant body.

Falsification and Fabrication of data

Fabrication is defined as making up data without actually collecting or synthesizing scientific data. Falsification is defined as manipulating research material to reach a favorable result. Fabrication and falsification could happen at any research stage (in the field) up to the publication of a manuscript where citation can be misused (referencing a citation when the citation does not support the argument). ETJ tries to identify any kind of fabrication or falsification in all levels of manuscript processing, from initial screening to comprehensive evaluation of a revised manuscript and even after a manuscript has been published.

Reporting any fabrication and falsification is an ethical duty of our authors, co-authors, reviewers, editors, and readers. In any event of falsification or fabrication, ETJ keeps its right to retract or withdraw the fabricated or falsified article. ETJ strictly follows the COPE flowcharts in dealing with fabrication and falsification.

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is the appropriation of another person's ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit. Another category of plagiarism is self-plagiarism, when the author published his own idea, data, and text in different journals when no need for such duplication exists. ETJ uses all means to detect plagiarism. As a matter of quality assurance, manuscripts with a similarity index above 20% are flagged for closer editorial assessment; decisions consider the nature and source of overlap. ETJ strictly follows the COPE flowcharts in dealing with plagiarized articles.

Plagiarism Policy

Plagiarism is not acceptable in Engineering and Technology Journal (ETJ) because plagiarism is a serious violation of publication ethics. Plagiarism includes copying text, tables, images, or data from another source, even from the author's own publications, without crediting the original source.

All manuscripts submitted to ETJ are checked for plagiarism using standard software Turnitin. This software checks content against a database of periodicals, the internet, and a comprehensive article database. It generates a similarity report, highlighting the percentage overlap between the submitted manuscript and the published document.

If overlap is assessed as legitimate (e.g., references, methods, quotations), the manuscript may proceed to peer review. ETJ applies a 20% as a screening threshold + editorial review; manuscripts at or above this threshold are flagged for closer editorial assessment. Similarity below 20% does not by itself confirm originality, and all similarity reports are subject to editorial review. Where inappropriate overlap or suspected plagiarism is identified, the manuscript may be rejected and handled in line with COPE guidance. If plagiarism is detected after publication, the manuscript is retracted from the journal website after careful investigation and approval by the journal's Editor-in-Chief.

Engineering and Technology Journal follows the committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines (COPE) guidelines to detect plagiarism; for more clear insight, authors may refer to flowcharts provided by COPE by clicking here or visiting the COPE website.

Research Ethics and Consents

As part of the journal’s updated policies, all new submissions involving human participants, human data or images, human biological materials, established or primary cell lines, animals, or potentially identifiable personal information must include the applicable ethics and consent statements in the manuscript. Authors must provide the name of the approving or exempting body, the approval or reference number where available, and the date of approval. The journal may request supporting documentation. Where none of these requirements applies, authors should state: “Ethics approval and consent to participate: Not applicable.”

Research Involving Human Participants

Research involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national, institutional, and disciplinary requirements. Authors must obtain approval from an appropriate institutional review board or research ethics committee before the study begins where approval is required. The manuscript must name the committee, give the approval or reference number and approval date where available, and briefly confirm compliance with the relevant ethical standards. The journal may request evidence of approval or an institutional determination that approval was not required.

Research Using Existing Human Data, Images, or Biological Materials

For retrospective research or research using public, archived, anonymized, or de-identified human data, images, or materials, authors must identify the source and state the ethical basis for use. If an ethics committee granted an exemption or waiver, the committee and decision should be identified. If institutional review is not required under applicable rules, the manuscript should explain why. Authors should not make a self-declared exemption where institutional determination is required.

Consent to Participate

All research involving human participants must be based on voluntary and informed consent unless an authorized ethics committee has approved a waiver. Participants should receive clear information about the purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits of the research and their right to withdraw. Consent must be documented in a form appropriate to the study and applicable law. Authors must retain consent records; they should not submit consent forms with the manuscript but must make them available to the journal on request.

Consent for Publication

When a manuscript contains written descriptions, photographs, video frames, facial images, medical images, case details, pedigrees, or other information from which an individual could be identified directly or indirectly, the authors must obtain explicit written consent for publication. The consent must cover open-access publication and online sharing. For participants under 18 years of age, consent must be obtained from a parent or legal guardian and assent should be obtained where appropriate. Authors must state in the manuscript that consent for publication was obtained and retained.

Research Involving Animals

Research involving animals must comply with internationally accepted animal-welfare standards and applicable national and institutional requirements. Authors must obtain approval or the required license from an appropriate animal care and use or ethics committee before the study begins. The manuscript must identify the approving body, approval or license number, and date where available, and should report the species, relevant welfare measures, and humane endpoints. If formal approval is not applicable—for example, for certain archived samples—the manuscript must explain the basis and demonstrate that animal-welfare requirements were respected.

Human Cell Lines and Biological Materials

Manuscripts using human cell lines or biological materials must report the source and, where available, the supplier and catalogue number. Authors should describe authentication, passage information, and contamination or mycoplasma testing where relevant. Use of established commercial cell lines will not normally require new human-participant approval, but the source and ethical status must be stated. Work using primary human tissues, cells, or samples must include the applicable ethics approval and consent information.

Microorganisms and Biosafety

Studies involving microorganisms, pathogens, genetically modified organisms, or potentially hazardous biological materials must identify the strain or source and follow applicable institutional biosafety procedures and containment requirements. Where microorganisms or materials were obtained from human participants or clinical samples, the human-research ethics and consent requirements above also apply.

Editorial Action

Failure to provide an applicable ethics, consent, provenance, or biosafety statement may result in return of the manuscript, rejection, or post-publication action. Suspected ethical non-compliance will be investigated in accordance with relevant COPE guidance and may lead to correction, expression of concern, or retraction.

Revenue Sourcing

Engineering and Technology Journal (ETJ) is a self-financing journal and does not receive funding from any source, except for staff salaries, which are paid by the publisher (University of Technology-Iraq). Publication costs are covered solely by the Article Processing Charges (APCs) paid by authors. As the journal is open access, there are no subscription charges. Payment of APCs or waiver status does not influence editorial decisions; all decisions are based solely on editorial assessment and peer review. The content is freely accessible to readers on the journal website. The journal does not accept advertisements.

Copyright Policies and Malpractice Statement

Engineering and Technology Journal is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which allows users to copy, create extracts, abstracts, and new works from the article, alter and revise the article, and make commercial use of the article (including reuse and/or resale of the article by commercial entities), provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, indicates if changes were made. The licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The authors hold the copyright for their published work on the ETJ website. At the same time, ETJ is responsible for appreciating citation for their work, released under CC-BY-4.0, enabling the unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction of an article in any medium, provided that the original work is properly cited.

To align article PDFs with this policy and avoid ambiguity, the copyright notice shown on article PDFs was updated starting from [Volume 44 / Issue 1 / Year 2026] to explicitly state the copyright holder (© The Author(s)).

Creative Commons Attribution

Creative Commons Attribution permits others to distribute and copy the manuscript, create extracts, abstracts, and other revised versions, adaptations, or derivative works of or from the manuscript (such as a translation), to include in a collective work, to text or data mine the article, even commercially, as long as they credit the author(s), do not represent the author as endorsing their adaptation of the article, and do not modify the article in such a way as to damage the author's honor or reputation. Further details are found at Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Author Self-Archiving Policy

This policy sets out how the Engineering and Technology Journal (ETJ) authors can archive copies of their work on their own web pages, corporate web pages, and various other subject repositories.

ETJ is an open-access journal. Therefore, articles can be made available immediately according to their specific Creative Common license terms. If an author has published an article under an Open Access license, ETJ would encourage the author to share the Version of Record on publication as opposed to the Accepted Manuscript.

Authors may also reuse the Abstract and Citation information (e.g., Title, Author name, Publication dates) of their article anywhere at any time including social media such as LinkedIn, Facebook, blogs and Twitter, providing that where possible a link is included back to the article on the ETJ site. Preferably the link should be, or include, the Digital Object Identifier (DOI) which can be found in the Citation information about the article online. In addition, the author may place the accepted version in the author personal website and/or the author company/institutional repository or archive. Self-archiving of the submitted version is not subject to an embargo period.

A summary is provided as follows:

Preprints

Authors can share their preprint anywhere at any time. If accepted for publication, we advise authors to link the preprint to their formal publication via its Digital Object Identifier (DOI).

Author Accepted Manuscripts

Authors are free to share (Author Accepted Manuscript) on any institutional or subject repository.

Published articles (Version of Record)

All authors and users are free to use, reproduce, or distribute the works published in ETJ in any way they prefer on the condition that the reproduced/redistributed material acknowledges that it was originally published in ETJ with all relevant publication details. When sharing works published originally in ETJ on other platforms, we advise using the final version made publicly available on ETJ website.

ETJ is now formally archived at the Iraqi Academic Scientific Journals (IASJ)

Crossmark Policy

Crossmark is an initiative that provides a standard way for readers to locate the current version of a piece of content and to see whether any updates (e.g., corrections or retractions) have been issued.

Where a Crossmark button is displayed on an ETJ article, clicking it will show the current status of the document and may provide additional publication record information.

Crossmark is not currently applied to articles published after [Volume 43__ / Issue _12_ / Year _2025_] due to technical and workflow changes following the journal’s migration to a new publishing system. ETJ is evaluating options for future use of Crossmark and will update this policy if and when implementation changes.

Correction and retraction of articles

Modifications to a published article can be implemented under the approval of the journal's editor. The extent of these modifications will be determined by the editors, with minor corrections being directly applied to the initial article. In instances of significant corrections, the original article will remain unaltered, and the rectified version will be separately published. A linkage between the original and corrected versions will be established. A statement elucidating the rationale behind substantial alterations to the article will accompany the publication. If deemed necessary, article retractions will adhere to the guidelines outlined by COPE retraction guidelines.

Further reading: COPE Guidelines COPE Flowcharts

Data Sharing & Reproducibility Policy

Engineering and Technology Journal (ETJ) supports transparency and reproducibility in scholarly research and encourages authors to make the data and/or code underlying their findings available whenever feasible and appropriate.

Data Availability Statement

ETJ expects manuscripts to include a Data Availability Statement indicating the availability of the data and/or code supporting the findings.

Options for data/code availability

Authors may indicate one of the following in the Data Availability Statement:

• Publicly available: data/code are available via a repository or supplementary materials (include a link and/or identifier where applicable).
• Available on request: data/code are available on request from the corresponding author.
• Not available: data/code are not available.

Reproducibility information

Regardless of data sharing arrangements, authors should provide sufficient methodological detail to allow readers to understand and verify the work, including relevant tools/software (and versions), key parameters, and analysis steps where applicable.

Editorial checks

ETJ may request clarification of the Data Availability Statement or supporting materials during editorial assessment when needed to evaluate the manuscript.

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy

Engineering and Technology Journal (ETJ)

Introduction

This policy provides guidance on the responsible and transparent use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) and AI-assisted technologies in the publication process of the Engineering and Technology Journal (ETJ). The policy applies to authors, reviewers, and editors and aims to preserve the integrity, originality, and reliability of scholarly publications.

Generative AI technologies are increasingly used in academic writing and research workflows. While such tools may support language improvement and productivity, they must not replace human intellectual contribution, scientific judgment, or ethical responsibility.

These guidelines will be periodically reviewed and updated to reflect advances in technology, publishing standards, and ethical considerations.

Policy for Authors

1. Use of AI in Manuscript Preparation

This policy addresses the use of generative AI tools in manuscript preparation and the publication process.

Authors may use AI-assisted technologies to improve grammar, spelling, readability, and language clarity. However, such use must always involve human oversight, and authors must carefully review and revise any AI-generated output to ensure accuracy and scientific integrity.

Generative AI tools must not be used to generate substantial scientific content, such as research arguments, interpretations, conclusions, or scholarly insights that should originate from the authors.

The authors retain full responsibility for all content in the submitted manuscript, including any material produced with the assistance of AI tools.

Basic spelling or grammar correction tools that do not generate substantive content do not require disclosure.

2. Disclosure of AI Use

To ensure transparency, authors must disclose any material use of generative AI or AI-assisted tools that contributed to the manuscript text or content.

The disclosure should include:

• The name of the tool used
• The version (if available)
• The purpose of use
• The extent of the use

The disclosure should be included in the Acknowledgment section or a dedicated statement within the manuscript.

Suggested disclosure statement:

“During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used [TOOL NAME] for [PURPOSE]. The authors reviewed and edited the generated content and take full responsibility for the final content of the manuscript.”

Failure to disclose material use of generative AI tools may be considered a breach of publication ethics.

3. AI in Research Methods

The use of AI technologies as part of the research methodology (e.g., machine learning models, AI-based simulations, data analysis tools, image analysis, or predictive models) is permitted and often appropriate in engineering and technology research.

When AI tools are used in the research process, authors must describe them transparently in the Methods section, including:

• Tool or model name
• Version or framework used
• Parameters or configuration
• Training data (if applicable)
• Implementation details necessary for reproducibility

Such use must be scientifically justified and clearly distinguishable from AI used for writing assistance.

Author Responsibility and Verification

Authors remain fully responsible for verifying all content within the manuscript, including any content generated or assisted by AI tools.

Authors must ensure:

• The accuracy and validity of all statements and scientific claims
• That all cited references are real, appropriate, and correctly represented
• That AI-generated content does not introduce fabricated references or incorrect information
• That confidential data, unpublished material, or copyrighted third-party content is not entered into AI tools without proper authorization

Authors are also responsible for ensuring that the manuscript:

• Is original work
• Does not breach third-party rights
• Complies with the journal’s ethical publishing guidelines

AI and Authorship

Generative AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors of a manuscript.

Authorship is restricted to individuals who meet established authorship criteria, including:

• Significant intellectual contribution
• Responsibility for the integrity of the work
• Ability to verify and defend the research findings

AI tools may be acknowledged if their use was significant and disclosed appropriately.

Use of AI in Images, Figures, and Artwork

The use of generative AI tools to create, manipulate, or alter images, figures, or visual data in a way that misrepresents research findings is not permitted.

This includes:

• Fabricating scientific images
• Altering experimental results
• Adding, removing, or modifying visual elements that affect interpretation

Basic adjustments such as brightness, contrast, or color balance are allowed only if they do not alter the scientific meaning or interpretation of the data.

If AI tools are integral to the research methodology (for example, in medical imaging, computer vision, or image classification), their use must be clearly described in the Methods section, including the tool name, version, and relevant parameters.

The journal may request original, unedited image files for verification during the editorial process.

The use of generative AI to create graphical abstracts or cover artwork is not permitted unless prior written approval is obtained from the editorial board and all necessary rights are secured.

Policy for Reviewers

Use of AI During Peer Review

Peer review requires confidentiality, independent scholarly judgment, and ethical responsibility.

Reviewers must treat all submitted manuscripts as strictly confidential documents.

Reviewers must not upload, submit, or share any part of a manuscript with public AI tools or generative AI systems for analysis, summarization, or language editing, as doing so may compromise:

• Author confidentiality
• Intellectual property rights
• Data protection obligations

Reviewers must also not use generative AI tools to produce the substantive evaluation of a manuscript, including recommendations or critical analysis.

The review report must reflect the reviewer’s own independent assessment.

Reviewers remain fully responsible for the accuracy, fairness, and integrity of their evaluations.

The journal may internally use secure and approved AI-assisted tools for tasks such as plagiarism detection or reviewer identification, provided they comply with data protection and confidentiality standards.

Policy for Editors

Editorial Use of AI

Editors must also treat all submitted manuscripts, reviewer reports, and editorial communications as confidential information.

Editors must not upload or process manuscript content using public generative AI tools, as this may compromise confidentiality and intellectual property protections.

Editorial decisions—including manuscript evaluation, reviewer selection, and communication of editorial decisions—must be made by human editors.

Generative AI tools must not be used to replace editorial judgment or generate editorial decisions.

The journal may use secure, licensed, or in-house AI technologies to assist in editorial workflows, including:

• plagiarism detection
• similarity checks
• reviewer suggestions
• administrative screening tasks

All such tools must comply with data protection regulations and ethical publishing standards.

If editors identify potential misuse of AI by authors or reviewers, the matter should be reported to the Editor-in-Chief for further investigation.

Final Statement

The Engineering and Technology Journal encourages the responsible, ethical, and transparent use of artificial intelligence technologies in scientific research and communication.

All authors, reviewers, and editors are expected to strictly adhere to this policy to maintain the integrity, credibility, and scholarly quality of the journal.