Improvement of Erosion Resistance of Aluminum- Copper Alloy Type 2024 by Plasma Nitriding
Improvement of Erosion Resistance of Aluminum- Copper Alloy Type 2024 by Plasma Nitriding

Mohammed H. Maseekh; Ali H. Ataiwi; Jamal J. Dawood

Volume 40, Issue 12 , December 2022, , Page 1695-1701

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2021.131414.1034

Abstract
  To increase the erosion resistance of 2024 Al alloys, plasma nitriding surface treatment was used. Nitrogen and argon gases are injected into an evacuated chamber until the pressure ...  Read More ...
Preparation and Performance of PU/Cpsf Blend Ultrafiltration Membranes for Removal of Heavy Metal Ion Rejection Studies
Preparation and Performance of PU/Cpsf Blend Ultrafiltration Membranes for Removal of Heavy Metal Ion Rejection Studies

Latha C. S.; Shanthana LakshmiD; Maheswari P.; Mohan D

Volume 40, Issue 10 , October 2022, , Page 1275-1283

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.132153.1201

Abstract
  The performance of membranes for a specific application can be determined with the help of structural properties such as molecular weight cut-off (MWCO), morphology, and pore statistics. ...  Read More ...
Images Enhancement Based on a New Multi-Dimensional Fractal Created by Rectangular Function
Images Enhancement Based on a New Multi-Dimensional Fractal Created by Rectangular Function

Rabab F. Farhan

Volume 40, Issue 10 , October 2022, , Page 1295-1306

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.134235.1229

Abstract
  Digital image processing is a field that is included in many journals due to its importance and the fact that it facilitates the achievement of many scientific and engineering applications ...  Read More ...
Study the Effect of Laser Wavelength on ZnO Nanoparticle Characteristics Synthesized by Pulse Laser Ablation as an Antibacterial Application
Study the Effect of Laser Wavelength on ZnO Nanoparticle Characteristics Synthesized by Pulse Laser Ablation as an Antibacterial Application

Hadeel J. Imran; Kadhim A. Hubeatir; Kadhim A. Aadim

Volume 40, Issue 10 , October 2022, , Page 1307-1317

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.134261.1232

Abstract
  In recent years, biologists, chemists, materials scientists, and engineers have become interested in Nano-sized particles because of their unique properties. In this paper, ZnO nanoparticles ...  Read More ...
The Alternative Representation of the Bipolar Sugeno Integral
The Alternative Representation of the Bipolar Sugeno Integral

Jabbar Abbas; Hossein Jafari

Volume 40, Issue 10 , October 2022, , Page 1318-1324

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.135012.1256

Abstract
  In the context of decision support systems, bi-capacities were introduced as an extension of classical capacities. Many bipolar fuzzy integrals related to the bi-capacities have been ...  Read More ...
Effect of Different Parameters on Raman Scattering Released from Nb2O5 Nanostructures Prepared via PLD Technique
Effect of Different Parameters on Raman Scattering Released from Nb2O5 Nanostructures Prepared via PLD Technique

Evan T. Salim; Suhair R. shafeeq; Mohammed Jalal AbdulRazzaq; Mohammed H. A. Wahid

Volume 40, Issue 10 , October 2022, , Page 1325-1333

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.134436.1238

Abstract
  Due to the significance of Nb2O5 as a promising industrial and biomedical material and the importance of Raman analyses to identify nanostructural molecular responsivity for various ...  Read More ...
Optimization of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for Gold/Air Interface by using Kretschmann Configuration
Optimization of Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) for Gold/Air Interface by using Kretschmann Configuration

Yadgar H. shwan; Berun N. Ghafoor; Govar H. Hamasalih

Volume 40, Issue 10 , October 2022, , Page 1334-1341

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.132902.1151

Abstract
  The coherent oscillation of electrons at contact among a dielectric and metal when the metal is exposed to incoming plasmon is known as “surface Plasmon resonance”. To achieve ...  Read More ...
Droplets Generation using Soluble Polymeric and Surfactant Additives in a Micro-Flow System: An Experimental Approach
Droplets Generation using Soluble Polymeric and Surfactant Additives in a Micro-Flow System: An Experimental Approach

Nur Farra Ilyana Binti Yosman; Wafaa K. Mahmood; Hayder A. Abdulbari

Volume 40, Issue 10 , October 2022, , Page 1342-1351

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.134882.1252

Abstract
  In the present work, polymer and surfactant solutions (Xanthan Gum- Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) were formulated and tested in a micro-flow system (microchannel) carrying octanoic ...  Read More ...
The Fundamental of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Nanosilver Composite Films Using the Spin Coating Technique
The Fundamental of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Nanosilver Composite Films Using the Spin Coating Technique

Hamsa A. Alaloosi; Farah T. M. Noori; Abdulhadi K. Jidran

Volume 40, Issue 8 , August 2022, , Page 1023-1028

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i8.2205

Abstract
  Graphene oxide synthesis by hummers method and reduction by the green chemical method using green tea. Preparation films with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) ...  Read More ...
The Visual Quality of Healthy Eye Lens for Different Tilt Effects
The Visual Quality of Healthy Eye Lens for Different Tilt Effects

Laith A. Tawfeeq; Ali H. Al-Hamdani

Volume 40, Issue 8 , August 2022, , Page 1029-1034

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i8.2197

Abstract
  The importance and accuracy of the human visual system have led scientists and researchers to do their best to study it, know its problems, and how to treat them.The eye lens tilt is ...  Read More ...
Theory and Modeling of Slab Waveguide Based Surface Plasmon Resonance
Theory and Modeling of Slab Waveguide Based Surface Plasmon Resonance

Amnah S. Hasan; Razi J. Al-azawi; Ali A. Alwahib

Volume 40, Issue 8 , August 2022, , Page 1082-1089

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.2022.132295.1100

Abstract
   The current study proposes a developing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor that has been widely employed to detect viruses, such as environmental analytes, biological and ...  Read More ...
Proposal Framework to Light Weight Cryptography Primitives
Proposal Framework to Light Weight Cryptography Primitives

Mustafa M. Abd Zaid; Soukaena Hassan

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 516-526

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.1679

Abstract
  Due to manufacturing cost and portability limitations, the computing power, storage capacity, and energy of the Internet of Things (IoT) hardware are still slowly developing. From above, ...  Read More ...
Textual Dataset Classification Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques
Textual Dataset Classification Using Supervised Machine Learning Techniques

Hanan Q. Jaleel; Jane J. Stephan; Sinan A. Naji

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 527-538

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.1970

Abstract
  Text classification has been a significant domain of study and research because of the increased volume of text datasets and documents available in digital format. Text classification ...  Read More ...
Improving Machine Learning Performance by Eliminating the Influence of Unclean Data
Improving Machine Learning Performance by Eliminating the Influence of Unclean Data

Murtadha B. Ressan; Rehab F. Hassan

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 546-539

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2010

Abstract
  Regardless of the data source and type (text, digital, photo group, etc.), they are usually unclean data. The term (unclean) means that data contains some bugs and paradoxes that can ...  Read More ...
Tuning the Hyperparameters of the 1D CNN Model to Improve the Performance of Human Activity Recognition
Tuning the Hyperparameters of the 1D CNN Model to Improve the Performance of Human Activity Recognition

Rana A. Lateef; Ayad R. Abbas

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 547-554

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2054

Abstract
  The human activity recognition (HAR) field has recently become one of the trendiest research topics due to ready-made sensors such as accelerometers and gyroscopes equipped with smartphones ...  Read More ...
Synthesis of Porous Silicon by Electrochemical Etching for Gas Sensor Application
Synthesis of Porous Silicon by Electrochemical Etching for Gas Sensor Application

Duha H. Jwied; Uday M. Nayef; Falah AH Mutlak

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 555-562

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2064

Abstract
  In the present study, the layers of porous Silicon (PS) have been produced from the p-type Silicon with a (100) orientation using the approach of electrochemical etching. The samples ...  Read More ...
A Proposed WoT System for Diagnosing the Infection of Coronavirus (Covid-19)
A Proposed WoT System for Diagnosing the Infection of Coronavirus (Covid-19)

Dalal M. Thair; Akbas E. Ali

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 563-572

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2087

Abstract
  Coronavirus is one of the viruses that have broadly affected humans and the health system in general. The problem is that there is no treatment for the virus yet, and the virus spreads ...  Read More ...
Rod-like Nano-structures of Copper Oxide Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition
Rod-like Nano-structures of Copper Oxide Prepared by Chemical Bath Deposition

Zainab M. Sadiq; Mustafa A. Hassan; Khaleel I. Hassoon

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 573-581

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2089

Abstract
  In this paper, we reported that the annealing at temperatures of 400  and 500 oC in the air for 2 hours led to the formation of rod-like structures of cupric oxide thin films prepared ...  Read More ...
The Effect of Sputtering Time and Substrate Type on the Structure of Zinc Nanoparticles Prepared by the DC Sputtering Technique
The Effect of Sputtering Time and Substrate Type on the Structure of Zinc Nanoparticles Prepared by the DC Sputtering Technique

Iman H. Hadi; Muslim F. Jawad; Khaleel I. Hassoon

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 582-587

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2096

Abstract
  Zn thin films have been successfully deposited on two different substrates, FTO and p-type Si (111), with thickness (112, 186) nm at (1 and 8) min, respectively, via DC sputtering technique ...  Read More ...
Building an Efficient System to Detect Computer Worms in Websites Based on Ensemble Ada Boosting and SVM Classifiers Algorithms
Building an Efficient System to Detect Computer Worms in Websites Based on Ensemble Ada Boosting and SVM Classifiers Algorithms

Ali K. Hilool; Soukaena H. Hashem; Shatha H. Jafer

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 595-604

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2148

Abstract
  Computer worms perform harmful tasks in network systems due to their rapid spread, which leads to harmful consequences on system security. However, existing worm detection algorithms ...  Read More ...
Algebraic Decomposition Method for Zero Watermarking Technique in YCbCr Space
Algebraic Decomposition Method for Zero Watermarking Technique in YCbCr Space

Nada S. Mohammed; Areej M. Abduldaim

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 605-616

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2028

Abstract
  The close connection between mathematics, especially linear algebra, and computer science has greatly impacted the development of several fields, and the most important is image processing. ...  Read More ...
Comparative Analysis of GMM, KNN, and ViBe Background Subtraction Algorithms Applied in Dynamic Background Scenes of Video Surveillance System
Comparative Analysis of GMM, KNN, and ViBe Background Subtraction Algorithms Applied in Dynamic Background Scenes of Video Surveillance System

Maryam A. Yasir; Yossra H. Ali

Volume 40, Issue 4 , April 2022, , Page 617-626

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i4.2154

Abstract
  Background subtraction is the most prominent technique applied in the domain of detecting moving objects. However, there is a wide range of different background subtraction models. ...  Read More ...
Numerical Simulation of the Self-Imaging at Different Cascaded Optical Fiber Specifications
Numerical Simulation of the Self-Imaging at Different Cascaded Optical Fiber Specifications

Shahad I. Younus; Anwaar A Al-Dergazly; Abdulla K. Abass

Volume 40, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Page 412-421

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i2.2236

Abstract
  Cascaded optical fiber single mode-no core-single mode fiber (SNS) attracted attention for being the base of various photonic devices. These devices are used in optical communication, ...  Read More ...
Physical Properties of Pure Gold Nanoparticles and Gold Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Using Laser Ablation in Liquid For Sensor Applications
Physical Properties of Pure Gold Nanoparticles and Gold Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Using Laser Ablation in Liquid For Sensor Applications

Nabaa K. Hassan; Makram A Fakhri; Evan T. Salim

Volume 40, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Page 422-427

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i2.2242

Abstract
  In this paper, the effect of using laser ablation of pure gold targets to obtain gold Nano rods and for pure zinc targets to obtain zinc oxide nanoparticles was studied separately in ...  Read More ...
Performance Comparison of Serial and Parallel Hybrid Fiber Amplifier under Optimum Pump Conditions
Performance Comparison of Serial and Parallel Hybrid Fiber Amplifier under Optimum Pump Conditions

Aseel A. Khudhaier; Abdulla K. Abass; Mudhafer H. Ali

Volume 40, Issue 2 , February 2022, , Page 428-432

https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v40i2.2183

Abstract
  In this work, two different configurations of hybrid fiber optic amplifiers are investigated and simulated via OptiSystem 7.0 software, namely, serial and parallel hybrid fiber optical ...  Read More ...